{"id":1665,"date":"2021-12-20T13:40:53","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T13:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/physionutrition-a-new-approach-to-care-in-4d\/"},"modified":"2022-09-07T11:57:51","modified_gmt":"2022-09-07T11:57:51","slug":"physionutrition-a-new-approach-to-care-in-4d","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/physionutrition-a-new-approach-to-care-in-4d\/","title":{"rendered":"Physionutrition: a new approach to care in 4D"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1665\" class=\"elementor elementor-1665 elementor-872\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4da7d2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4da7d2a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d17afb9\" data-id=\"d17afb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450aeec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"450aeec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"box_header page_margin_top_section\">Physionutrition: a new approach to care in 4D<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>The prevention and support of pathologies are becoming increasingly important in the concerns of health professionals, the general public and of course public health officials.<\/p>\n<p>In a medicine that is becoming more and more functional and explanatory, the importance of a satisfactory supply of micronutrients is becoming a priority.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the notions of additional micronutritional needs caused by a physiological or pathological situation, a dietary behaviour, the lifestyle, should now be part of the therapeutic approach of all health professionals.<\/p>\n<p>Physionutrition is a new approach to care that encompasses clinical, physiological and biological studies, as well as the management of imbalances and deficiencies in macro- and micronutrients, their synergies and antagonisms of actions.<\/p>\n<p>More specifically, it studies the role of essential fatty acids, vitamins, trace elements, amino acids, probiotics and neuromediators, as well as biochemical and clinical phenomena linked to oxidative stress, physical exercise, the balance of the intestinal flora, immunology, etc. Physionutrition also integrates more recent sciences such as nutrigenetics or anti-ageing hormone therapy.<\/p>\n<p>Physionutrition is based on 3 fundamental pillars: Nutrition, Micronutrition and Endocrinology, regrouping 10 equilibria:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"items_list clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"items_list clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"simple_list clearfix\">\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">dietary equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">microbiome equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">intestinal permeability equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">detox equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">oxido-inflammatory equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">essential fatty acid equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">acid-base equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">neuromediator equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">mitochondrial equilibrium,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">metabolic and hormonal equilibrium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>For each of these pillars, validated questionnaires have been created by the various scientific committees of the II2P, bringing together academics, researchers and expert practitioners in Physionutrition. They allow a global and optimal treatment. All of these questionnaires are available on the II2P professional space.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"box_header page_margin_top_section\">Understanding micronutrient imbalances<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>The daily diet must provide each individual with a sufficient quantity of macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and trace elements) to ensure that all their needs are covered.<\/p>\n<p>For each nutrient, the intake required to cover the physiological needs of almost the entire population has been defined at European level. These are called &#8216;Dietary Reference Values (DRV)&#8217;, as proposed by a scientific panel of the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority).<\/p>\n<p>In 2011, the study &#8220;Projected prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes in Europe<sup>1<\/sup> \u201d and, more recently in 2013, the study &#8220;Mapping low intake of micronutrients across Europe<sup>2<\/sup> \u201d demonstrated that a large part of the European population was not receiving the recommended intakes of vitamins, minerals and trace elements.<\/p>\n<p>To give an example, a study published in the &#8220;Cahiers de Nutrition et de Di\u00e9t\u00e9tique&#8221; \u201cNutrition and Dietetic notebook\u201d in 1999 by Darmon and Briend shows that it is difficult, if not impossible, to ask the French to respect the recommended nutritional intakes without deviating considerably from their eating habits.<\/p>\n<p>The diet in industrialised countries presents several apparent paradoxes, it seems :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"items_list page_margin_top clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"items_list page_margin_top clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"simple_list clearfix\">\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">healthier (accidents due to food poisoning are rarer, preservation methods are improved)<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">less deficient (diseases such as beriberi or scurvy have disappeared),<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">less rich (the average caloric intake has decreased significantly over the last century).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, obesity and overweight are on the rise and a large proportion of the population has micronutrient deficiencies, as shown by the studies already mentioned.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"box_header page_margin_top_section\">Food provides fewer micronutrients<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Two factors explain the decrease in micronutrients in our diet:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"items_list page_margin_top clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"items_list page_margin_top clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"simple_list clearfix\">\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Reduced caloric intakes at the expense of micronutrient-rich foods,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">a decrease in the micronutrient density of foods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Micronutrient-rich foods are less consumed. The WHO (World Health Organisation) has estimated that in more than half of the countries in the WHO European Region, the consumption of fruit and vegetables is less than 400g per day<sup>3<\/sup>. Another EFSA analysis, based on national dietary surveys, suggests that the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables is only met in 4 of the participating EU Member States<sup>4<\/sup> .<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"box_header page_margin_top_section\">The average caloric intake decreases<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>In France, a 15% reduction in caloric intake was recorded between 1965 and 1981.<\/p>\n<p>This reduction in caloric intake is explained by a reduction in energy expenditure due to a change in lifestyle: reduction in working hours, mechanisation of many manual activities, journeys made by car, generalisation of lifts, free time spent in front of the television&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>The decrease in caloric intake partly explains the micronutritional deficits observed.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, it is easy to see that while we can easily get our vitamin C intake from 3500 calories per day, it is more difficult to get it from 1800 calories. Even if the concentration of micronutrients in our caloric intake was constant, halving the caloric intake arithmetically results in halving the micronutrient intake.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"box_header page_margin_top_section\">The micronutrient density of our diet has decreased<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Today, 60% of energy intake is provided by foods that are high in calories and low in vitamins and minerals. More specifically, a person living in Europe consumes almost 1 kg of simple sugars per month<sup>5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Changing lifestyles (less time spent cooking, unstructured meals, meals eaten outside the home, ever-increasing snacking, TV trays, almost exclusive distribution of food by supermarkets, etc.) make this phenomenon even worse: 70% of our food now comes from industrial products.<\/p>\n<p>To illustrate this, between 2009 and 2019, the consumption of frozen Chips in Europe has continued to grow, with the UK, Germany and France in the top three places in terms of consumption<sup>6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Industrial foods are significantly less rich in micronutrients as a result of processing: sterilisation, spray drying, pasteurisation, ionisation, skimming, cooking, extrusion, washing, refining.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"box_header page_margin_top_section\">The micronutrient density of fruits and vegetables has decreased significantly due to:<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul class=\"items_list page_margin_top clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"items_list page_margin_top clearfix\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"simple_list clearfix\">\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Excessive watering of crops which &#8220;leaches&#8221; the soil and reduces its mineral content,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Excessive use of fertilisers and intensive agriculture which, by increasing the speed of plant growth, reduces the time taken to fix micronutrients,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Excessive use of pesticides and herbicides, which reduces the vitamin content of plants by preventing the transformation of minerals by micro-organisms, a transformation necessary for better absorption,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Refining, which removes most of the minerals from plants,<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Harvesting of fruit and vegetables before they are fully ripe and the time spent between harvesting and consumption (e.g. four weeks on average for tomatoes),<\/li>\n<li class=\"icon_small_arrow tick clearfix\">Preservation treatments (canning, freezing and reheating destroy vitamin stocks).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>The II2P&#8217;s main mission is therefore to train and inform health professionals on the basics and foundations of this new preventive and therapeutic approach, while working with public authorities and universities to make Physionutrition an integral part of nutrition.<\/p>\n<p>It is likely that future research efforts will focus on the knowledge of metabolic pathways at the genomic level and in particular on possible modifications of gene transcription by macro- and micronutrients.<\/p>\n<p>In this respect, the study of the physiology of micronutrients, the cornerstone of our metabolism, seems to be a promising avenue for the future.<\/p>\n<p>Bibliography<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Mensink GBM, Fletcher R, Gurinovic M, et al. Mapping low intake of micronutrients across Europe. <i>British Journal of Nutrition<\/i>. 2013;110(4):755-773. doi:10.1017\/S000711451200565X<\/li>\n<li>Roman Vi\u00f1as B, Ribas Barba L, Ngo J, et al. Projected prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes in Europe. <i>Ann Nutr Metab<\/i>. 2011;59(2-4):84-95. doi:10.1159\/000332762<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0004\/149782\/instanbul_conf_20ebd02.pdf\">https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0004\/149782\/instanbul_conf_20ebd02.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Elmadfa I, Meyer A, Nowak V, et al. European Nutrition and Health Report 2009. <i>Forum Nutr<\/i>. 2009;62:1-405. doi:10.1159\/000242367<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/sites\/default\/files\/nutrition_physical_activity\/docs\/2019_sciview_b1_sr_en.pdf\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/sites\/default\/files\/nutrition_physical_activity\/docs\/2019_sciview_b1_sr_en.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globaltrademag.com\/britons-consume-the-most-frozen-potatoes-in-the-eu-nearly-70-comes-from-the-netherlands-and-belgium\/\">https:\/\/www.globaltrademag.com\/britons-consume-the-most-frozen-potatoes-in-the-eu-nearly-70-comes-from-the-netherlands-and-belgium\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Physionutrition: a new approach to care in 4D The prevention and support of pathologies are becoming increasingly important in the concerns of health professionals, the general public and of course public health officials. In a medicine that is becoming more and more functional and explanatory, the importance of a satisfactory supply of micronutrients is becoming [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1665"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1665"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3798,"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1665\/revisions\/3798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ii-2p.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}